IB歷史難嗎,你需要具備哪些能力?
來(lái)源:A加未來(lái)國(guó)際教育 ? ? ? 時(shí)間:2020-03-06 16:25
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接觸過(guò)IB歷史課程學(xué)習(xí)的同學(xué)們應(yīng)該都了解,IB歷史和國(guó)內(nèi)高中歷史課程無(wú)論是從學(xué)習(xí)方法、內(nèi)容還是評(píng)估方式上來(lái)看都有著非常大的不同,它往往不會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生去死記硬背各種各樣歷史事件時(shí)間地點(diǎn)和過(guò)程,并且考試中也幾乎全部是論述題,這無(wú)疑給初次接觸IB歷史課程的同學(xué)帶來(lái)了不小的沖擊。那么IB歷史難嗎,它都強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生的那些方面的能力?今天A加未來(lái)國(guó)際課程老師就帶大家來(lái)了解一下IB歷史課程學(xué)習(xí)的情況吧!
IB歷史課程強(qiáng)調(diào)以下幾個(gè)能力:
培養(yǎng)學(xué)生從多個(gè)信息源中獲取信息的能力,使用一手信息源的能力
理解歷史的復(fù)雜性以及對(duì)同一事件的不同觀點(diǎn)
通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)歷史反思當(dāng)今社會(huì)的能力
批判性思維的能力
一、信息的獲取
對(duì)一手信息源的重視,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)多信息源的甄別,以及對(duì)不同觀點(diǎn)的理解,這一點(diǎn),從IB歷史的考卷中有清晰的體現(xiàn)。IB的歷史評(píng)估分為內(nèi)部和外部評(píng)估,內(nèi)部評(píng)估20分,外部評(píng)估80分。外部評(píng)估又分為三項(xiàng):Paper1、Paper2、Paper3,如下圖所示。
Paper1占20分,用時(shí)1個(gè)小時(shí)。一般的考試形式是:對(duì)于一個(gè)主題,給出5個(gè)信息源,然后讓學(xué)生回答幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。比如:下面這道樣題,題目要求原文如下:
Paper 1
When presented with five sources related to the enforcements of the provisions of the treaties,disarmament and London Naval Conference(1930),students will:
•explain the significance of the Conference
•compare and contrast the views of the Conference presented in different sources
•assess the value and limitations of sources
•use the sources and their own knowledge to discuss the extent to which they agree with the view that the London Naval Conference was unsuccessful.
要求考生基于5個(gè)信息源:
(1)解釋會(huì)議的重要性
(2)比較在不同信息源中呈現(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn)的相同和不同之處
(3)評(píng)估這些信息源的價(jià)值和局限性
(4)最后是一道論述題:有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為L(zhǎng)ondon Naval Conference是不成功的,請(qǐng)基于給出的信息源討論在多大程度上你同意這一觀點(diǎn)?
Source A Albert Hourani,a lecturer of History,writing in a general introductory book,
A History of the Arab Peoples(1991).
Both Byzantine and Sassanian Empires had been weakened by epidemics of plague and long wars;the hold of the Byzantines over Syria had been restored only after defeat of the Sassanians in 629,and was still tenuous[insecure].The Arabs who invaded the two Empires were not a tribal horde but an organized force,some of whose members had acquired military skill and experience in the service of the empires or in the fighting after the death of the Prophet.The use of the camel gave them an advantage in campaigns fought over wide areas;the prospect of land and wealth created a coalition of interests among them;while religious conviction gave some of them a different kind of strength.
反正,看著暈暈乎乎。
二、思考力
IB歷史考試都是論述題,基本上都是寫(xiě)論文(跟第一學(xué)科組的語(yǔ)言課程差不多)。在寫(xiě)論述題上,與國(guó)內(nèi)歷史考試最大的一點(diǎn)區(qū)別是,沒(méi)有或者是不特別強(qiáng)調(diào)統(tǒng)一的正確答案。當(dāng)然,在評(píng)估時(shí),會(huì)有一些答題點(diǎn)做參考,但同時(shí),會(huì)考慮學(xué)生是否準(zhǔn)確地理解了問(wèn)題,清晰地回答了問(wèn)題,提供的論據(jù)是否足以支撐最終的結(jié)論,是否有以下的四個(gè)能力:Knowledge and understanding、Application and analysis、Synthesis and evaluation、Use and application of appropriate skills。而這些能力,是在學(xué)習(xí)歷史課程的過(guò)程中反復(fù)訓(xùn)練,并且有明確的范式的。
以Paper2考試為例,分?jǐn)?shù)是25分,用時(shí)是1.5個(gè)小時(shí)。考試時(shí)會(huì)給出很多問(wèn)題,要求學(xué)生選擇兩個(gè)問(wèn)題完成。
典型的問(wèn)題如下,請(qǐng)基于20世紀(jì)發(fā)生的事件,回答以下問(wèn)題:
1.一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)會(huì)加速社會(huì)改變,在多大程度上你同意這一觀點(diǎn)?
To what extent do you agree with the view that war accelerates social change?
2.分析、對(duì)比蘇聯(lián)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、中國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)三場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中外國(guó)勢(shì)力卷入的原因和影響?
Compare and contrast the reasons for,and impact of,foreign involvement in two of the following:Russian Civil War;Spanish Civil War;Chinese Civil War.
3.以兩個(gè)歐洲新成立的國(guó)家舉例,評(píng)估冷戰(zhàn)對(duì)其的影響?
Assess the impact of Cold War developments on two non-European new states.
4.以1917-1924期間的列寧或1922-1943期間的墨索里尼為例,說(shuō)明其在處理面對(duì)的難題時(shí)有多成功?
How successful was either Lenin(1917-1924)or Mussolini(1922-1943)in solving the problems he faced?
三、小結(jié)
所以,簡(jiǎn)單看,IB的歷史課程一方面培養(yǎng)了專業(yè)上需要具備的能力,比如對(duì)信息源的甄別、基于多個(gè)信息源如何得出結(jié)論等,另一方面,也是培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立的思考能力,分析問(wèn)題、收集信息、總結(jié)歸納等能力。
關(guān)于IB歷史難嗎這個(gè)問(wèn)題,雖說(shuō)IB歷史強(qiáng)調(diào)分析和論述能力對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)可能會(huì)增加一些壓力,但無(wú)論如何,這些能力都比死記硬背一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)要更有用,把時(shí)間花在這些能力的培養(yǎng)上也更有意義。
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